Sunday, January 24, 2010

Is it really necessary to leave the water & stain repellent for sheepskin and suede on Uggs for 24 hours?

You know the spray that you put on Ugg boots? I want to wear them tomorrow morning..could I just leave it on overnight??Is it really necessary to leave the water %26amp; stain repellent for sheepskin and suede on Uggs for 24 hours?
yes you could wear them tomorrow morning, thats what i do, i spray it on my uggs overnight. They will be dry by morning.


I do it all the time.
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  • Will bugs go away if I spray off insect repellent all over my desk?

    At nights, bugs always come out and scare the crap out of me, so if I use to off insect repellent and spray it around will they go away?


    /entomophobicWill bugs go away if I spray off insect repellent all over my desk?
    not all the time. Some bugs aren't stopped. Bugs are actually more scared then you. You can make sure all the doors and window in your room are shut at all times. That reduces your risk. There is always a spider within ten feet of you. Some are too small to see. there isn't really a way to keep them away.Will bugs go away if I spray off insect repellent all over my desk?
    Use some baby powder. or boric acid powder.





    Try some glue traps, like roach motels. The box kind, not the open ones.
    try seven dust


    however read the warnings on the labell so you can apply it right
    I don't think that would work.

    Does anyone know of a home made Bed Bug repellent?

    I know that taking a bath with two cupfuls of Clorox, repels mosquitoes, but it did nothing for the bed bugs.Does anyone know of a home made Bed Bug repellent?
    Forever yours,





    I am not aware of any homemade repellents that will work. They will likely only allow the bedbugs even more time to make the infestation worse than it is now.





    You may eventually need an exterminator but they are quite costly and may not work in the end. If you are trying to save money, maybe go the do it yourself route with something that does work.





    Some have had success with using do it yourself sprays that will kill bedbugs on contact but these require patience and persistence. If this is the route you want to take, the one that I have seen work is called BedBug Terminator and it is made by a company called Kleen-Free and sold online. This one is chemical free so it is okay for you to spray it and still be in the apartment or house and it is okay to spray on and around mattresses and still lie on them.





    It will kill the bedbugs on contact as well as kill their eggs which is important. You spray it everywhere that the bugs are and where they may be and eventually you should be able to get rid of them.





    Good luck and choose the right solution for you.

    When i bought my tims, i bought a water repellent spray with it,?

    how often do i have to spray my timberlands with itWhen i bought my tims, i bought a water repellent spray with it,?
    Depends on your use - do you ware them every day or once a month? When you are wearing them if you feel like they are letting moisture in - redo it.When i bought my tims, i bought a water repellent spray with it,?









    1st time kinda heavy...let it dry


    day 2 go lighter with it...let it dry





    make sure they are DRY before you wear them!

    I think I've perfected a spray-on repellent that keeps away all supernatural entities. How can I best test it?

    If it works, how much would you pay for such a product?I think I've perfected a spray-on repellent that keeps away all supernatural entities. How can I best test it?
    Sweet, I'd like to buy it to protect the Emperor's new wardrobe!I think I've perfected a spray-on repellent that keeps away all supernatural entities. How can I best test it?
    I'll give four hundred dollars and a good fingering.
    Spray it on yourself and see whether any supernatural entities can stop you from sticking your head in a bucket of dog-doo.





    I'll pay $1.00 for it, if you give me $11.00 first.
    Woodstock is over dude.

    Do you know where I can buy helicopter repellent?

    I'm sick and tired of having my garden ravaged by helicopters, and I need to find a solution to my delema.Do you know where I can buy helicopter repellent?
    It's in between the Badger Wave Generators and the Tree Bark Varnish at Rexalls Dude.Do you know where I can buy helicopter repellent?
    i think batman has some on his utility belt.


    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jg2okfrm鈥?/a>
    You get some from the Umbrella Corporation just ask for Wesker he can help.
    All I can seem to find at the Home Depot is JET repellant. No luck with Helicopter Repellant.
    Hahah





    Well I think a formal complaint to your congress man or a grenade launcher would help your problem.
    I think I saw a spray at Wal Mart in the makeup isle.
    Huh?

    Does anyone know if those ultrasonic mouse repellent devices have any effect on house rabbits?

    I've discovered that with the cold weather mice have made their way into my house and I just can't kill anything so I was thinking of trying an ultrasonic pest repellent device. I have pet rabbits and I don't want to upset them or hurt their ears with it so I was hoping that someone might know if they have any effects on rabbits. ThanksDoes anyone know if those ultrasonic mouse repellent devices have any effect on house rabbits?



    I must let you know that I bought 4 of these devices to get rid of a mouse in my kitchen. They did not work! Wish I could answer the question about the rabbits. Good luck to you.... Does anyone know if those ultrasonic mouse repellent devices have any effect on house rabbits?
    I have one of these sensors in my kitched which I got to fend off a recent mouse invasion. They don't seem to bother my bunnies, but they will no longer run past that room.

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    i have one of these sensors... i got it off www.primrose-london.co.uk. It is in my sitting room plugged into a socket. because of the fact that it is ultrasonic and electromagnetic it works better. the electromagnetic waves are meant to travel through the electricity around the house.

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  • Where can I buy Deflac Spray spider repellent?

    I've been informed my home security alarm is triggered by spiders on the sensors. Deflac Spray is recommended but my local Wilkinson and other stores in the Cwmbran area do not stock it. From where can I purchase it, or is there another product or remedy? Many thanks.Where can I buy Deflac Spray spider repellent?
    In the UK, you can buy it from places like Homebase or Wilko's for about 2 or 3 pounds. It comes in a green and white spray can. As far as I know, it's not available in the US.





    You can use it around door frames, windows, base boards, etc. It leaves a long-lasting protective barrier, and any nasty little pests that crawl across it will have the poison on them and will die in a short time. Works very well with spiders, earwigs, ants, and more.





    Be careful with it, as it doesn't have the most pleasant of smells.Where can I buy Deflac Spray spider repellent?
    Try Ebay..
    OFF THE WEB !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

    Is Castor oil very effective for mosquito repellent?

    I'll be making a mosquito repellent for my project. do you think cator oil is effective? if not give me list of more effective oil.


    tnx.Is Castor oil very effective for mosquito repellent?
    I have never tried castor oil; however it does not seem to have the repellent properties to keep the little buggers away.





    The best oil (from experience) is cedar oil. Spraying it on the area of concern about 3 hours before usage will keep the mosquitoes away.





    Here is a link for more info on cedar oil, http://www.gardenharvestsupply.com/produ鈥?/a>

    Has anyone used an indoor and outdoor repellent for dogs and cat?

    I am buying new furniture and I don't want my dogs on it. I've been trying to train them to stay off but no succes. Thanks for any suggetions.Has anyone used an indoor and outdoor repellent for dogs and cat?
    Get a spray bottle, put some water in it. And when your dog gets on the your furniture, Squirt Him/Her in the face.

    How to make a home made repellent for fleas?

    I HATE FLEAS. i just want to be hard to bite and i keep finding them on my bed! it is so frusturating because i vaccum alot! and bomb, and spray EVERYTHING. THEY ARE INVINVABLE! and i have k9 advantix on my cat and dog. ugh. help!How to make a home made repellent for fleas?
    It won't repel them, but it will help get rid of them while you try: Put down a small bowl of soapy water with a light shining on it. You can set it behind a chair or something, anything to keep it out of the way. They will be attracted to the light and jump into the bowl but then can't get out. I also found a contraption (MANY years ago, but they may still be around) where it was a tray that had a sticky surface, and a little Christmas-type bulb would mount over it. That also worked great.

    Do you believe that a insect repellent requires DEET in it to work? In the swamp?

    WHy shouldn't people use DEET when they are in the swamp trapping alligators and nutria?Do you believe that a insect repellent requires DEET in it to work? In the swamp?
    I use Deet as a insect repellant. In just about all the big timber I am in. Marsh areas as well. And a comfortable hat. In areas where poisonous snakes are an issue I wear snake proof chaps too.

    I need to know about bat repellent that I can spray on a roost above my porch.?

    Bats are entering a small gap between the soffit and the siding. I have no wish to harm them but they need to be encouraged to find a new home.I need to know about bat repellent that I can spray on a roost above my porch.?
    why? bats eat mosquito's and other pests...





    let them be or put a bat box somewhere else on the property....I need to know about bat repellent that I can spray on a roost above my porch.?
    I have used a half and half solution of water and bleach to get rid of wasps and hornets. The smell bothers them tremendouly. I do not spray it directly on them but around the area they are trying to nest in. Within days they are gone.


    You may try this and see if they nest elsewhere.


    Take a plastic spray bottle and spritz the area closest to the gap and they should leave you alone fairly quickly. I use it twice yearly around my doors and window sills and I do not have wasps or hornets nesting at all.


    I do agree with the others posters that bats are very beneficial and once they are gone you may wish they were still there to erradicate the mosquitos and other pests that invade your yard.





    Good luck.
    Call your wildlife division if they are a concern to you. You will get the best information possible from them. I highly doubt the bats will change their roost right now. They are very beneficial and usually don't bother people. We have quite a few where I live and every once in a while they will buzz you but this is most likely because a yummy insect was flying near you. There is a rabies concern with bats but your wildlife division will be able to inform you of the rabies status in bats for your area.
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  • What kind of fly and insect repellent is best to use on horses?

    http://www.springtimeinc.com/ShowView/pr鈥?/a>


    This bug-off product is great - I've used it on all four of my horses and have never had any problems getting them to eat it and they will ship out of countryWhat kind of fly and insect repellent is best to use on horses?
    DO NOT USE REGULAR HOUSE-type insect spray... not good for the coat of the animal.





    I forget the name BUT... go to a Feed and grain store(where they sell pet supplies but mostly for horses, etc and get an insect spray that they sell for horses there. EVERY CITY has a feed and grain store..What kind of fly and insect repellent is best to use on horses?
    I LOVE Pyranha. It smells and works better than most I have tried. Just spray it on and the flys and insects stay away for hours - literally!
    Try mixing garlic granules into her feed - this take a couple days to get a response, also citronella oil is very good for making up your own replellent, you can also smear vaseline around her eyes, nose and teats as the midges etc don't like it.
    I know this one, it is called WIPE, it is in a green bottle in the horse section. It is good stuff that works. My husband is a farrier and will not leave home with out it in the summer time.
    I'm not sure insect repellent would get rid of a horse, are you being plagued by one?
    I really like Endure.It is sweat proof and last for a long time.I spray it before I ride.I usually ride for at least 4 hours and when I get back it still works for hours.It is a little pricey vs the others out there but I really like it.If you can,I would get a couple and see which ones work the best for your horses.IF you are looking for something that will last longer get something that is oil based and stay away from water based sprays.
    Bronco is a good brand to use. I have used Absorbine for years. Swat has a roll on for the face and ears. Go to your local feed store and ask around..they should be able to point you in the right direction. Good Luck..

    Has anyone ever used the dog repellent spray?

    they say if u spray this on the areas u don't want your dog to get on he wont. does it really work? thanks to all who answer.Has anyone ever used the dog repellent spray?
    Yep, it kept my behemoth Siberian Husky, Boo, off of the living room couch where he was starting to take root. I used it for about a week, but he sure didn't get back up there after the first spray. I also used it in areas of the garden where he was trampling and peeing on my plants.Has anyone ever used the dog repellent spray?
    yeah i used it as perfume. now my ex's don't bother me
    yes have tried this but work only for a short time.
    I have used bitter apple spray and 'out'. Bitter apple works for chewing and the out works for areas that you do not want your dog to go. I would suggest doing a color safe test first before spraying it on furniture, clothing etc. test it on an area that is hidden.

    Is there a insect/spider repellent spray that is puppy safe?

    It's time to spray the outside of our house to keep the bugs out, and I was wondering if there is a pet safe one out there. Thanks!Is there a insect/spider repellent spray that is puppy safe?
    not unless you get a hold of pest controlIs there a insect/spider repellent spray that is puppy safe?
    Hi there!! Not too sure about a insect spray thats safe for pups..Ummm..a vet might have better info..or even a pet store thats reputable!! I do have a mosquito spray that works for outside though.





    Try this recipe!! It works..and will help to make a white coat a bit brighter!!





    Mosquito Repellent


    Slice two lemons, add 1 cup of hot water and a couple sprigs of Rosemary.


    SOAK OVERNIGHT


    Pour into a spray bottle,


    AVOID EYES


    **You may have to respray throughout the day depending on the dogs activity...ie:water play, rain..that kinda thing..but this works on my Jack Russell..and its a cheap mixture totally healthy..

    What is the best mosquitoes repellent system in the US?

    Hi there


    I have a garden and mosquitoes still break in the house.


    I have never been faced with this problem as I was living in appartments before and now I am eaten alive


    I used to have plug in repellents in Europe but I cannot find any here.


    What are the best solutions for outdoor and indoor? I live in New York.


    HELP!!!!!!!!What is the best mosquitoes repellent system in the US?
    deet yourself to death with Off. All the Off outdoor burners are goodWhat is the best mosquitoes repellent system in the US?
    Off is a good one to have or anything with '; Deet ';. If you are being bothered by Mosquitoes check your area for standing water and remove it. Or you can call your local Health Dept. or Vector Control District and they will survey the area for you for free.
    permethrin...if you can get some military grade stuff thats even better. if not, deet is ok.

    Does anyone have a good safe INDOOR homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?

    Does anyone have a good safe INDOOR (to keep off of furniture) homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?Does anyone have a good safe INDOOR homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?
    no its finejust put what the cat hates right thereDoes anyone have a good safe INDOOR homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?
    a german shepard

    What is the best repellent, candle, or spray for flies?

    I'm having BBQ this weekend and last time the flies ruined it. What is the best repellent, candle, or spray for flies?
    Hang some cotton balls on thread on sticks or the eves and rafters of the patio. They think the cotton balls are spider webs. Hang a few above the doors and window openings. It really works.What is the best repellent, candle, or spray for flies?
    hang fly tape around the perimeter of where you will be having your BBQ- high enough so they don't get stuck in someones hair and far enough away from food that people don't see them while they are eating. It's better than the chemicals you would be treating the area with and they are very inexpensive.
    umm..try citronella or get a fogger
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  • Where can i buy where to buy ThermaCell Mosquito Repellent Refill?

    I need to buy it at a local store like target or wallgreens something like that?Where can i buy where to buy ThermaCell Mosquito Repellent Refill?
    Try going online with the brand name and see if the manufacturer can send you one directly.If you don't have a credit card,go to target or Walgreen's and buy one of their prepaid cards to shop online with.

    What is the name of the plant or shrub that is a natural mosquito repellent?

    When do you plant them?What is the name of the plant or shrub that is a natural mosquito repellent?
    citronellaWhat is the name of the plant or shrub that is a natural mosquito repellent?
    Lemon grass is a natural repellent
    Basil, late spring early summer.

    How does water repellent fabric work? What are the properties of the chemical that is sprayed onto the fabric?

    BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION





    Two methods of imparting hydrophobic character to textiles have been investigated in the past: 1) hydrophobic polymer films, and 2) attachment of hydrophobic monomers and polymers via physi- or chemisorptive processes.





    Current commercial processes for producing water-repellent/soil-resistant fabrics are mainly based on the laminating processes of companies such as W. L. Gore and Sympatex (Journal of Coated Fabrics vol. 26, 1996, pp. 107-130) and polysiloxane coatings (Handbook of Fiber Science and Technology, Marcel Dekker, New York, N.Y., Vol. II, 1984, pp. 168-171). The laminating process involves adhering a layer of polymeric material (such as Teflon鈩?that has been stretched to produce micropores) to a fabric. Although this process produces durable repellent films, it suffers from many disadvantages. The application of these laminants requires special equipment and therefore cannot be applied using existing textile production processes. Synthesis of the film is costly and garments with this modification are significantly more expensive than their unmodified counterparts. The colors and shades of this clothing are limited by the coating color. Finally, clothing made from this material tends to be heavy and stiff. Polysiloxane films suffer from low durability to laundering, which tends to swell the fabric and rupture the silicone film. The polysiloxanes have a cost advantage over the laminates, which are, however, more durable to laundering and dry-cleaning.





    Repellents based on monomeric hydrocarbon hydrophobes can be broken down into five categories: 1) aluminum and zirconium soaps, 2) waxes and waxlike substances, 3) metal complexes, 4) pyridinium compounds, 5) methylol compounds, and 6) other fiber-reactive water repellents. Compared to polymeric coatings, monomeric hydrophobes can penetrate within the fabric to produce a more durable coating.





    One of the oldest water repellents was based on non-covalently applying water-soluble soap to the fibers and precipitating it with an aluminum salt (J. Text. Res. vol. 42, 1961, p. 691). These coatings dissolved in alkaline detergent solution, therefore washfastness was poor. Zirconium soaps were less soluble in detergent solutions (Waterproofing and Water-Repellency, Elsevier Publ. Co., Amsterdam, 1963, p. 188), but due to the noncovalent nature of attachment to the fabric, abrasion resistance was poor.





    The oldest and most economical way to make fabric water repellent is to coat it with a hydrophobic substance, such as paraffin (Text Inst. Ind. vol. 4, 1966, p. 255). This process is still in practice today and paraffin emulsions for coating fabrics can be purchased (e.g., Freepel.RTM.) from BFGoodrich Textile Chemicals, Inc.). Waxes are not stable to laundering or dry cleaning. Durability is poor due to their noncovalent nature of binding and their breathability is low.





    Quilon chrome complexes polymerize to form --Cr--O--Cr-- linkages (Tappi vol. 36, 1953, p. 107). Simultaneously, the complex forms covalent bonds with the surface of fibers with hydrophobic chains directed away from the surface to produce a water repellent, semi-durable coating. Quilon solutions require acidic conditions to react, thus causing degradation of the cellulose fibers through cellulose hydrolysis. Fabric colors are limited by the blue-green coloration imparted by the metal complex.





    The extensive history of pyridinium-type water repellents has been reviewed by Harding (J. Text. Res. vol. 42, 1951, p. 691). In essence, an alkyl quaternary ammonium compound is reacted with cellulose at elevated temperatures to form a durable water-repellent finish on cotton (Br. Pat. 466,817) and a later version was marketed under the trademark Velan PF by ICI. It was later found that the reaction was restricted to the surface of the fibers (J. Soc. Dyers Colour. vol. 63, 1947, p. 260) and the high cure temperature weakened the fabric. Sodium acetate had to be added to prevent the decomposition of the cellulose by the HCl formed. Also, the pyridine liberated during the reaction has an unpleasant odor and the fabric had to be scoured after the cure. The toxicological properties of pyridine ended its use in the 1970 s when government regulations on such substances increased.





    Methylol chemistry has been extensively commercialized in the crosslinking of cellulose for durable press fabrics. N-methylol compounds are prepared by reaction of an amine or amide with formaldehyde. Alkyl-N-methylol compounds can be reacted at elevated temperatures in the presence of an acidic catalyst with the hydroxyl groups of textiles to impart durable hydrophobic qualities (Br. Pats. 463,300 and 679,811). The reaction is accompanied by formation of non-covalently linked (i.e., non-durable) resinous material, thus decreasing efficiency. In addition, the high temperature and acid catalyst reduce the strength of the fabric. Recently, the commercial use of methylol compounds has been waning due to concerns of toxic formaldehyde release from fabrics treated in such a manner.





    Several other chemical reactions have been used to covalently attach hydrophobic species to cotton to produce a water-repellent finish but have not been commercialized for various reasons. Long-chain isocyanates have been used in this respect (Br. Pat. 461,179; Am. Dyest. Rep. vol. 43, 1954, p. 453; Br. Pat. 474,403). The high toxicity of isocyanates and significant side reactions with water, however, precluded it from commercial use. To circumvent the water sensitivity of isocyanates, alkyl isocyanates were reacted with ethylenimine to yield the less reactive aziridinyl compound, which was subsequently reacted with cellulose at 150掳 C. (Ger. Pat. 731,667; Br. Pat. 795,380). Although the toxicity of the aziridinyl compound was reduced compared to the isocyanate, the procedure still required the handling of toxic isocyanate precursors. Also, the high cure temperature weakened the cellulose, and crosslinkers were needed to increase structural stability. Alkyl epoxides can be reacted with cellulose under acidic or basic conditions to produce durable, water-repellent cotton (Ger. Pat. 874,289). The epoxide was applied from a volatile solvent to suppress side reactions with water. Epoxides are, in general, not very reactive, thus requiring long reaction times at high temperatures. Therefore, they have not been commercialized. Acylation of cotton with isopropenyl stearate from an acidic solution of benzene and curing at 200掳 C. produced a durable hydrophobic coating (U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,115). The high cure temperature and acid catalyst again weakened the cotton. Carcinogenic benzene can be replaced by toluene, but the practicality of using flammable solvents in fabric finishing is limited. Alkyl vinyl sulfones react with cellulose in the presence of alkali to form a repellent finish (U.S. Pat. No. 2,670,265). However, this method has not been commercialized because the alkali is not compatible with cross-linking reactants required for permanent press treatments.





    Recently, copolymers containing a fluorinated monomer, an alkyl monomer, a reactive monomer (e.g., hydroxyethylmethacrylate, N-methylol acrylamide), and various other auxiliary monomers (e.g. vinylidene chloride, polyethylene glycol methacrylate, etc.) have become popular commercial products for the aqueous application of somewhat durable water and oil repellent finish to textiles (e.g., Zonyl鈩?by DuPont, Nuva鈩?by Clariant, and Scotchgard鈩?by 3M). These polymers, however, suffer from the release of formaldehyde from the treated fabric due to the breakdown of the N-methlyol acrylamide portion of the copolymer.





    The use of mordants (insoluble metal complexes) have been used to permanently attach fluorinated compounds (containing groups such as acids capable of forming insoluble complexes with the mordant metal) to a textile substrate. The mordant approach of attaching the fluorinated compound to the substrate eliminates the use of the formaldehyde-releasing components described above. U.S. Pat. No. 3,651,105 uses a solvent-soluble fluorinated metal complex that is applied to paper and fabric. This complex is monomeric, so it only has one point of attachment as opposed to multiple attachment points afforded by a polymer. But, more importantly, this complex is only soluble in a carbon tetrachloride/isopropanol mixture. The use of toxic and flammable solvents in a textile process is impractical. Water-soluble complexes are preferred. U.S. Pat. No. 3,467,612 uses a water-soluble fluoropolymer/metal complex but the fluoropolymer does not contain any monomers capable of complexing with a divalent metal to bridge to a substrate. However, although the fluorinated complex is insolubilized on the fabric, it is not directly bound to a group on the substrate; thus durability to abrasion is low. Other patents using divalent metals use a two-step process where the metal is applied to the fabric first and then the fluoropolymer containing a monomer capable of complexing a divalent metal is applied to the fabric in a second step. EP 0710738 teaches a two-step process: application of a divalent metal followed by application of a random fluoro-copolymer (containing monomers capable of binding the divalent metal). The use of two steps greatly decreases the utility of this approach due to cost issues. U.S. Pat. No. 5,744201 uses a water-soluble random fluoro-copolymer with an acid-containing monomer that is rendered insoluble (and thus precipitated on the fabric) by changing the pH in the presence of ammonium ion (single valent). The copolymer and the ammonium ion form an insoluble complex at a specific pH and is not directly bound to a group on the substrate; thus durability to abrasion is low. EP 572269A1 is similar except for the use a polyallylamine salt instead of ammonium. This patent also mentions the use of monomeric fluorinated zirconium compounds as additives to boost performance. U.S. Pat. No. 4,695,488 incorporates acrylic acid in their fluoropolymer to increase soil release properties but do not use this acid group to form insoluble divalent salt linkages to the fabric substrate. The purpose of the acid groups is to increase the soil-release properties of the finish.





    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION





    This invention is directed to treatment preparations useful for the treatment of fibrous substrates, such as textiles and other webs, to provide substantially permanent, durable water and soil repellency to keratinous and/or cellulosic fibrous substrates. More particularly, the invention is directed to preparations that comprise a fluorinated polymer and metal atoms, typically as a metal salt. The claimed fluorinated copolymer incorporates the divalent metal salt but is still water-soluble (because of water-soluble monomers in the polymer and surfactants), allowing for a one-step application of both the fluoropolymer and metal. The divalent metal will complex with groups on the fabric to make an insoluble complex on the fabric that is directly bound to the substrate of the fabric for increased abrasion durability. Furthermore, the claimed fluorinated copolymer is a block copolymer in which the polymer has long stretches of only fluoromonomer and long stretches of monomers capable of complexing divalent metals. This increases the water solubility of the polymer of the present invention and increases the strength with which the polymer binds to the fiber through a divalent metal.





    In a first embodiment, the preparations of the invention comprise (a) a fluorinated carboxylate-functionalized fluoropolymer and (b) a metal salt, or mordant.





    In a second embodiment, this invention comprises a solution, emulsion or suspension of (a) a fluorinated polymer that contains functional moieties or reactive groups that can complex with metal atoms that have a formal charge of 2 or greater, and (b) one or more metal atoms that have a formal charge of 2 or greater.





    By ';fluorinated polymer'; or ';fluoropolymer'; is meant that the polymer will contain some perfluorinated or partially fluorinated alkyl chains to impart water and oil repellency to coated objects. It may additionally be advantageous for the polymer to contain other groups such as normal alkyl chains; groups that can increase the water solubility or stability of the suspension of the polymer, such as chains of polyethylene glycol or other polar groups; one or more different groups that can crosslink to each other or to the material being coated; or groups that increase polymer flexibility, flame retardancy, the softness of a textile, or resistance to bacteria or mildew.





    The metal atoms in the solution of the second embodiment can come from two sources. Either they are part of a monomer that is copolymerized to become part of the polymer, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, or chromium acrylate; or they are added in the form of a compound that has a metal with a formal charge of 2 or greater. This addition of the metal can take place before polymerization, during polymerization, or after polymerization. Without being bound by theory, it is believed that the metal atoms may complex with keratinous or any other fibrous substrates that contain free carboxyl groups. By ';complexing'; is meant that the polymer will form a coordination bond with the metal and the metal will form a coordination bond to the fiber, textile, or web to be treated. Alternatively, again without being bound by theory, the metal atoms may act to crosslink the polymer to itself and to other chains to make the polymer insoluble in the fibrous substrate. In either case, the resulting water/soil repellent preparation has more durable water and soil repellency in and/or on the substrate fiber structure while retaining the natural properties of the fibrous substrate.





    This invention is further directed to a novel block copolymer containing i) one or more blocks composed primarily of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, or other acid-containing monomers, and ii) one or more blocks that contain a significant amount of a fluorinated monomer that is capable of binding to wool or other fibrous substrates with a metal. They may further comprise a monomer that contains a metal, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, potassium, or chromium acrylates or styrene sulfonates.





    This invention is further directed to the yarns, fibers, fabrics, textiles, webs, finished goods, or nonwovens (encompassed herein under the terms ';textiles'; and ';fibrous substrates';) treated with the water- and soil-resistant preparations of the invention. Such fibrous substrates exhibit a greatly improved, durable water and soil repellency. By ';durable water and soil repellency'; is meant that the fibrous substrate will exhibit a repellency or resistance to water and oily soils even after multiple launderings.





    Methods are provided for treating fabrics and other fibrous substrates with permanent water/soil repellent coatings.





    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION





    The preparations of the invention comprise a combination of metal atoms, typically as a metal salt, and a metal-reactive fluorinated polymer capable of imparting a water/soil-resistant property to textiles and other fibrous substrates. The metal imparts greater stability and durability to the polymer when the polymer is immobilized on the substrate than when the metal is not present.





    The fluorinated monomers, oligomers or macromonomers of the durable water/soil-resistant fluoropolymer are selected from those groups that will provide the necessary water/soil resistance and can be polymerized. Examples include fluorinated monomers of acrylates, methacrylates, alkenes, alkenyl ethers, styrenes, and the like. Monomers that contain carbon-fluorine bonds that would be useful in this invention include, but are not limited to, Zonyl TA-N (an acrylate from DuPont), Zonyl TM (a methacrylate from DuPont), FX-13 (an acrylate from 3M), and FX-14 (a methacrylate from 3M). The fluoropolymers may include --CF3 and --CHF2 end groups, perfluoroisopropoxy groups (--OCF(CF3)2), 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl groups, and the like. The polymers may include vinyl ethers having perfluorinated or partially fluorinated alkyl chains. The fluoropolymer preferably comprises one or more fluoroaliphatic radical-containing monomers having the structure of Formula I, below: ##STR1##





    In the compound of Formula I, for example:





    m is 0 to 2;





    n is 0 or 1;





    o is 1 or 2;





    A is --SO2 --, --N(W)--SO2 --, --CONH--, --CH2 --, or --CF2 --;





    R is a linear, branched, or cyclic fluorocarbon, including fully or partially fluorinated hydrocarbons, wherein R may be, for example, a C1 to C30 fluorocarbon;





    W is hydrogen or C1 -C4 lower alkyl; and





    X is acrylate (H2 C.dbd.CHCO2 --), methacrylate (H2 C.dbd.C(CH3)CO2--), or a carbon--carbon double bond (H2 C.dbd.CH--).





    Particularly useful fluorinated monomers are acrylate and methacrylate monomers with the structures H2 C.dbd.CHCO2 CH2 CH2 (CF2)n F and H2 C.dbd.C(CH3)CO2 CH2 CH2 (CF2)n F, where n in both cases is 1 to 20. More preferably n lies between approximately 5 and 12, although most commercially available monomers contain a distribution of chain lengths and a few of them may fall outside of this range.





    The preferred embodiment of this invention is a fluoropolymer prepared by the emulsion process in water or in a mixture of water and an organic solvent that is then dissolved or suspended in water or into a solution in which water is a significant component.





    The reactive groups on the water/soil-resistant fluoropolymer are selected from those groups that will coordinately bind strongly with a metal. Such moieties include, but are not limited to, carboxyl, carboxylate, sulfate, sulfonate, phosphate, and phosphonate groups. For example, the metal-reactive monomers may be selected from groups that contain carboxylates such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, bisacrylamidoacetic acid, 3-butene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid, maleic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, itaconic acid, 4-vinylbenzoic acid, and the like; or sulfonates such as 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid, 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, 2-propene-1-sulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, 3-sulfopropyl methacrylate, vinylsulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid (sodium salt), and the like; or phosphates or phosphonates such as vinyl phosphonic acid or vinyl phosphoric acid, and the like. In one embodiment of the invention, particularly useful monomers, macromonomers, oligomers, or polymers are those that have carboxyl-containing monomers copolymerized with at least some fluorinated monomers or polymers.





    A monomer such as styrene sulfonate or potassium acrylate may be used where an additional metal atom with a formal charge of 2 or greater may be added before, during, or after polymerization.





    Ideally, the actual metal-polymer salt would be water-soluble or at least have some water solubility. When dried properly, hydrophobic groups in the polymer would orient themselves in such a way as to imbed or surround metal-anion complexes. When metals with a formal charge of 2 or greater are used, polymer crosslinking providing added stability, could result.





    The metal salt is chosen from those that form an insoluble or nearly insoluble complex with the polymer, especially when the polymer is dried or cured. Preferred are metal salts that also react or complex with the surface of the fiber of the textile or web. Preferred examples of metal salts that can be added to the polymer prior to, during or after polymerization include calcium (II), magnesium (II), zirconium (IV), aluminum (III), and chromium (III) salts such as calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium sulfate (CaSO4), calcium nitrate (Ca(NO3)2), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2), zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2), zirconium nitrate (Zr(NO3)4), zirconium sulfate (Zr(SO4)2), zirconyl nitrate (ZrO(NO3)2), aluminum sulfate (Al2 (SO4)3), aluminum potassium sulfate (alum) (AlK(SO4)2), aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3), chromium acetate (Cr(CH3 COO)3), chromium nitrate (Cr(NO3)3), chromium sulfate (Cr2 (SO4)3), and chromium oxalate (Cr2 (C2 O4)3). Less preferred examples of metals would include any compound that contains a metal with a formal charge greater than 1. If the metal salt forms an insoluble complex with a monomer, it will be preferred to add the metal during or after polymerization.





    In the preferred embodiment of this invention, one or more surfactants will be present during the polymerization and with the dissolved or suspended polymer. The surfactant will keep water-insoluble monomers in solution during polymerization, and later to keep the entire polymer in solution. Presently preferred are the non-ionic surfactants, such as those with the structures CH3 (CH2)n CO(OCH2 CH2)m OH (such as, for example, polyethylene oxide (14) monostearate, CH3 (CH2)n (OCH2 CH2)m OH, and those with trade names that include ';Tween';, or ';Triton';.





    It is also possible to add additional monomers into the polymer. These monomers may act as dyes, pH indicators, softeners, compounds that would give the fibrous substrate resistance to fungi or bacteria, spacers to make the polymer more flexible, components to increase the solubility of the polymer in a carrier solvent system (e.g., mixtures of water, polar organic solvents, and surfactants) from which the polymer is deposited onto the fibrous substrates, or components (non-fluorinated) that add hydrophobicity. Such monomers are known to those of skill in the art. Examples of potential softeners that could soften the polymer and are commercially available include acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters of alkyl chains or siloxane oligomers or polymers.





    In a presently preferred embodiment, the treatment is selected from random copolymers consisting of a fluoroacrylate (e.g., FX-13, 3M; or Zonyl TA-N, DuPont) containing at least two carboxyl-containing monomers, e.g., acrylic acid, per molecule, some vinylidene chloride, and/or PEG-acrylate, and the metal salt is ZrO(NO3)2. The metal salt and the fluoropolymer are added from an aqueous solution to the keratinous fabric in the normal manner (e.g., padding on of an aqueous solution containing the salt and the polymer, followed by drying at 90掳 C. to 175掳 C for about 30 seconds to about 5 min). Without being limited by theory, it is believed that the zirconium salt complexes with carboxyl or carboxylate groups from aspartic acid and glutamic acid residues in the keratinous substrate while at the same time it reacts with the carboxyl-containing polymer, thus serving as a coordination bridge between the wool and the water/soil resistant polymer. The polymer may be linked by one or multiple carboxyls to the wool through the metal. Alternatively, the polymer may be crosslinked to itself and to other polymer chains by the mordant. It may also be that the mordant does not bind the polymer to the wool, but rather simply renders the polymer insoluble.





    This invention is further directed to a diblock copolymer that contains one or more blocks of an acidic monomer, such as acrylic acid, along with one or more blocks of fluorinated monomers. This polymer is useful to coat fabrics using a metal. In a presently preferred embodiment, the hydrophilic monomers are concentrated to one end of the macromolecule. It is believed that this will increase its water solubility and improve its ability to bind to fabrics.





    The synthesis of the copolymer comprises the steps of:





    1) Polymerizing FX-13, Zonyl TA-N, or another monomer that does not contain a carboxyl group in the presence of a chain transfer agent that contains a sulfhydryl group and an amine group, one example being, but the invention not limited to, HS(CH2)n NH2 (where n=2-20). Two commercially available compounds that have amino and thiol groups are 1-amino-2-methyl-2-propanethiol (sold by Aldrich as the hydrochloride) and 2-(butylamino)ethanethiol.





    2) Reacting the amine-terminated polymer produced in Step 1) with a compound (such as N-acetyl homocysteine thiolactone or 2-iminothiolane, for example) that will convert the amine-terminated polymer into a sulfhydryl-terminated polymer.





    3) Performing a polymerization in the presence of the sulfhydryl-terminated polymer produced in Step 2) with a monomer different from the monomer used in Step 1). Thus, the sulfhydryl-terminated polymer generated in Step 2) acts as a chain transfer agent for the polymer created in Step 3) and caps it, creating a block copolymer.





    A graft copolymer may be made, where the grafted portion is either carboxyl groups or fluorinated material or another material, such as metal-containing monomers or oligomers. It is also possible to make a polymer using some or all of monomers that are themselves oligomers.





    The present invention is further directed to the yarns, fibers, fabrics, webs, finished goods, or other textiles (encompassed herein under the terms ';textiles'; and ';fibrous substrates';) treated with the permanent or substantially durable water/soil-resistant fluoropolymer. These fibrous substrates will display comparable textile performance of the untreated textile or other substrate without the wetting/staining of traditional textiles.





    These fibrous substrates can be used in a variety of ways including, but not limited to various articles of clothing, including informal garments, daily wear, workwear, activewear and sportswear, especially those for, but not limited to easily wet or stained clothing, such as formal garments, coats, hats, shirts, pants, gloves, and the like; other fibrous substrates subject to wetting or staining, such as interior furnishings and upholstery therefor, carpets, awnings, draperies, upholstery for outdoor furniture, protective covers for barbecues and outdoor furniture, automotive and recreational vehicle upholstery, sails for boats, and the like; and industrial uses, such as those listed in Adanur, S., Wellington Sears Handbook of Industrial Textiles, pp. 8-11 (Technomic Publishing Co., Lancaster, Pa., 1995).





    The durable water/soil-resistant webs of the present invention are intended to include fabrics and textiles, and may be a sheet-like structure (woven, knitted, tufted, stitch-bonded, or non-woven) comprised of fibers or structural elements. Included with the fibers can be non-fibrous elements, such as particulate fillers, binders, sizes, and the like. The fibrous substrates include fibers, woven and non-woven fabrics derived from natural or synthetic fibers or blends of such fibers, as well as cellulose-based papers, and the like. They can comprise fibers in the form of continuous or discontinuous monofilaments, multifilaments, staple fibers, and yarns containing such filaments and/or fibers, which fibers can be of any desired composition. The fibers can be of natural, manmade, or synthetic origin. Mixtures of natural fibers, manmade fibers, and synthetic fibers can also be used. Examples of natural fibers include cotton, wool, silk, jute, linen, and the like. Examples of man-made fibers include regenerated cellulose rayon, cellulose acetate and regenerated proteins. Examples of synthetic fibers include polyesters (including polyethyleneterephthalate and polypropyleneterephthalate), polyamides (including nylon), acrylics, olefins, aramids, azlons, modacrylics, novoloids, nytrils, aramids, spandex, vinyl polymers and copolymers, vinal, vinyon, Kevlar.RTM., and the like.





    To prepare the durable water/soil-resistant webs, the fiber, the yarn, the fabric, or the finished good is exposed (by methods known in the art such as by soaking, spraying, dipping, fluid-flow, padding, and the like) to the metal salt and to the a-water/soil-resistant fluoropolymer, each of which has been dissolved, suspended, or emulsified in an aqueous solution in either a one-step or a two-step process. The textile-reactive metals of the metal salts may react with the web by coordinate bonding and the water/soil-resistant polymer reacts with the metals, by coordinate bonding, to permanently attach to the web. Alternatively, upon drying, the metals may crosslink the polymer chains to form an insoluble compound that is non-covalently bound to the web. The treated web is then removed from the solution, dried, and cured.





    The invention is further directed, in a presently preferred embodiment to the process for treating fibrous substrates with water/soil repellent coatings durable to repeated cleanings, wherein the polymer and the metal of the coating are applied to the fiber, yarn, or textile simultaneously, that is, in a one-step process. This greatly increases the efficiency of the treatment because of cost savings of chemicals and equipment time. The metal salt and the fluoropolymer are mixed together in an aqueous solution and the fiber, the yarn, the fabric, or the finished good is exposed simultaneously to both, by methods known in the art such as by soaking, spraying, dipping, fluid-flow, padding, and the like. The treated web is then removed from the solution, dried, and, if desired, cured.





    In another, two-step process for preparing the permanent water/soil resistant webs, the fiber, the yarn, the fabric, or the finished good is exposed to the metal salt dissolved or suspended in an aqueous solution. The textile-reactive metals of the metal salts may react with the web by coordinate bonding. The article is then dried, followed by exposure to the permanent water/soil resistant fluoropolymer suspended in an aqueous solution by methods known in the art such as by soaking, spraying, dipping, fluid-flow, padding, and the like. The water/soil resistant polymer reacts with the metals on the web, by coordinate bonding, to permanently attach to the web. The treated web is then removed from the solution, dried, and cured.





    When the process is carried out in one step, it is essential that neither the concentration of the metal, nor the concentration of the group that the metal complexes with be so high as to cause precipitation of the suspended or dissolved polymer. It is also essential that enough metal atoms and metal-complexing groups be present to cause the polymer to be insoluble or substantially insoluble in solvents such as water and tetrachloroethylene, which are used to clean textiles, after the polymer has been dried or cured on a textile. The actual concentrations of the metals and the complexing groups will depend both on the amount of surfactant that may be present in the solution as well as on the number of other polar groups that may be present on the polymer. Such concentrations can be determined by one of skill in the art following standard procedures without undue experimentation.





    In the processes of the invention, the concentration of the metal salt in solution can be from about 0.05M to about 1M, preferably from about 0.1M to about 0.4M, more preferably about 0.25M; depending, however, on the characteristics of the particular web to be treated and the particular water/soil resistant fluoropolymer to be attached.





    The concentration of the water/soil resistant fluoropolymer in solution can be from about 0.1% to about 25%, preferably from about 1% to about 5%, more preferably about 2.5%; depending, however, on the characteristics of the particular permanent water/soil resistant polymer selected (such as molecular weight or material). The ratio of fluorinated monomer to acidic monomer can vary from about 1:0.75 to about 1:5, preferably from about 1:2.5 to about 1:4, more preferably about 1:3.





    The process temperature for either the one- or 2-step process can vary widely, depending on the affinity of the salt for the fibrous substrate and for the water/soil resistant fluoropolymer. However, the temperature should not be so high as to decompose the reactants or so low as to cause inhibition of the reaction or freezing of the solvent. Unless specified to the contrary, the processes described herein take place at atmospheric pressure over a temperature range from ambient temperature to an elevated temperature that is below the boiling point of the solvent used, preferably from about 10掳 C. to about 110掳 C., more preferably from about 20掳 C. to about 60掳 C., and most preferably at 200掳 C. Conveniently, the processes will be at ambient temperature. The time required for the processes herein will depend to a large extent on the temperature being used and the relative reactivities of the starting materials. Therefore, the time of exposure of the fibrous substrate to the metal salt and the polymer in solution can vary greatly, for example from about a few seconds to about two hours. Normally, the exposure time will be from a few seconds to ten minutes. Drying is carried out at ambient temperature or at a temperature above ambient, up to about 220掳 C. The pH of the solution will be dependent on the fibrous substrate being treated. For example, the pH should be kept at neutral to acid or perhaps mildly basic when treating wool, because wool will degrade in strong base, whereas when treating cotton the pH should be kept at mildly acidic to neutral to basic, keeping in mind that metal salts often are insoluble in alkali. However, the solution pH's will probably not be too critical when the fibrous substrate is exposed for only a brief time and if the curing temperature is not too high. Additionally, the deposition of water/soil-resistant polymer with charged groups (e.g., carboxylates, sulfonates, and the like) is expected to be dependent on solution pH. Salts (such as, for example, NaCl, Na2 SO4, etc.) may optionally be added to increase the rate of adsorption of anionic polymers onto the fibers. Unless otherwise specified, the process times and conditions are intended to be approximate.





    EXAMPLES





    Example 1





    3.603 Grams of acrylic acid, 8.931 g FX-13 (3M), 0.106 g AlBN, and 0.483 g mercaptosuccinic acid were dissolved in 29.565 g THF. While stirring, the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen for a few minutes. The mixture was then heated and held at reflux for 16 hours. The THF/polymer solution may either be used directly or the THF may be removed by rotary evaporation, leaving the ';20-mer'; polymer behind.





    Example 2





    A 0.232 M solution of ZrO(NO3)2 in 95% water/5% isobutanol was padded onto wool. The wool was then dried at 90掳 C. Next, a solution of 1.76 g fluoropolymer (4 parts acrylic acid, 1 part FX-13,1% mercaptosuccinic acid, ';100-mer';; prepared following the procedure of Example 1) at pH 6.9 in 95% water/5% isobutanol was padded onto wool. The wool was again dried at 90掳 C. The material was then rinsed for 3 minutes under flowing tap water and dried in the oven at 90掳 C. The sample was immersed (overnight) in a stirred vessel containing tetrachloroethylene to test the stability of the coating. It was then removed and allowed to dry in the air.





    Test for repellency showed that dodecane, water, and an 81% methanol/water mixture beaded up on the surface. Decane wet it.





    Example 3





    64 Grams of Zonyl TA-N (a fluorochemical acrylate from DuPont), 18 g stearyl acrylate, 15 g polyethylene glycol monoacrylate (Aldrich, Mn~375), 3 g calcium acrylate, 0.5 g dodecanethiol, 8 g POE(14) monostearate, 1 g 2,2'-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, 100 g isopropyl alcohol, and 100 g water were homogenized. The calcium acrylate was dissolved in water before it was added. The mixture was then homogenized and heated under nitrogen to 70-80掳 C. for about 2 hr. This solution was diluted to 20% of its original concentration with water and applied to wool (Burlington Industries 8823 tan wool). The wool was padded to ~100% wet pickup and dried and cured in an oven for 18 min. The temperature in the oven rose during this period from 105掳 C. to 140掳 C. The water and oil repellencies of these samples were then measured both before and after immersion in rapidly-stirred tetrachloroethylene (TCE). The following Table gives the oil repellency as measured by the AATCC test method (see below) as a function of time.


    Hours in TCE


    0 1 1.5 2 4 16.2 18


    AATCC 7.33 6.66 6.66 7.0 6.66 6.33 6.33


    Rating








    Oil Repellency Measurement





    The oil repellency (OR) of a treated substrate is measured by the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) Standard Test Method No. 118-1983, which test is based on the resistance of treated substrate to penetration by oils of varying surface tensions. Treated substrates resistant only to Nujol.RTM mineral oil (the least penetrating of the test oils) are given a rating of 1, whereas treated substrates resistant to heptane (the most penetrating of the test oils) are given a rating of 8. Other intermediate values are determined by use of other pure oils or mixtures of oils, as shown in the following Table.


    Standard Test Liquids AATCC Oil Repellency


    Rating Number Composition


    1 Nujol.RTM


    2 Nujol.RTM/n-Hexadecane


    (65/35)


    3 n-Hexadecane


    4 n-Tetradecane


    5 n-Dodecane


    6 n-Decane


    7 n-Octane


    8 n-HeptaneHow does water repellent fabric work? What are the properties of the chemical that is sprayed onto the fabric?
    LOOK ON THE LABEL Mostly it is siliconeHow does water repellent fabric work? What are the properties of the chemical that is sprayed onto the fabric?
    if thats the biggest worry you have got forget it who cares

    Is there a repellent I can wear to keep yellow jackets from stinging me?

    I am exceptionally allergic to yellowjacket stings. Last time I was stung, I went into anaphalaxis shock. I nearly died. I am in desperate need of some kind of repellent that will keep them away and from stinging me if I come close to them. I live in the country where we have them. I try to keep any nest that I see killed out, but they still are flying around. I carry Epipens with me, but would feel safer if I could find something to totally keep them from attacking and stinging me. Please help!Is there a repellent I can wear to keep yellow jackets from stinging me?
    I know this sounds goofy --- But when we go to the orchards we keep a fabric softener dryer sheet hanging out of our pant pocket s--- It really seems to help keep them away......Is there a repellent I can wear to keep yellow jackets from stinging me?
    If I knew I would use it too as I am allergic too. I was told to make sure to use a scent free deoderant and to not wear perfume as these things attract them as does the smell of sweat. I spray listerine mouthwash on my arms and legs and this seems to keep the majority of all bugs away. The mediciney smell I guess is foul to them. Just try to avoid the areas that the wasps are known to be until you know they are safe and always carry your epipen and if you do find a for sure repellant let me know

    Does this mosquito repellent method really work?

    Does carrying a dryer sheet in your pocket or holding it really keep mosquitoes away?Does this mosquito repellent method really work?
    ...Never heard of that. You`re better off with garlic lolDoes this mosquito repellent method really work?
    From experience, no it does not.
    NO.

    Does anyone know about an all-natural bug repellent for my garden? I need something to get underground bugs 2.

    I need a repellent that I can feel safe eating. Since me and my family will be eating the veggies coming out of the garden pretty much daily I don't want to use ';conventional'; pesticides. If the solution works underground all the better because there are grubs and larvae under the topsoil and such. Thanks!Does anyone know about an all-natural bug repellent for my garden? I need something to get underground bugs 2.
    Look for a series of gardening books by Jerry Baker...one is The Impatient Gardener--there are others. I used these as my ';bible'; as a new gardener and frequently rely on them. He is great! ElaineDoes anyone know about an all-natural bug repellent for my garden? I need something to get underground bugs 2.
    Go here


    http://www.safeinsecticide.com/
  • topical cream
  • Does anyone know of a tick spray or repellent that is safe for pregnant dogs?

    I have all ready sprayed the grounds and house but Still am


    having a problem with them on Gypsy. All of the sprays I have say not to use on young pups and pregnant dogs. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated. ThanksDoes anyone know of a tick spray or repellent that is safe for pregnant dogs?
    Frontline Plus is 1 of the safest %26amp; most effective products available.


    ';Approved for use on pregnant or nursing mothers (approved for Frontline Plus and Top Spot庐 only)'; - the spray has not been approved.Does anyone know of a tick spray or repellent that is safe for pregnant dogs?
    I have always given my dogs brewers yeast and garlic tablets. You can find them at dept stores,grocery and drug stores as well as pet supply houses. I haven't had a problem with fleas or ticks on them. Plus, the dogs think the tablets are treats and beg for them.
    I work at a groomers and they dip pregnant dogs in the same dip as the others they say it is safe for everything over 12 weeks. They told me pregnant dogs can get dipped up until 3 weeks of having there puppys. The dip has to have time to wear off before the puppys start to nurse. Check with your local groomer.
    Check with your vet.. He'll have something that is safe for pregnant dogs and young puppies.
    If you want a natural way you can get lavender oil mix some with distilled water and put it in a spray bottle and spray her. Ticks and fleas hate lavender. Before you do anything ask your vet first. Good luck;^)

    What are the ingredients in making a mosquito repellent coil?

    I have in front of me four different packets of coils.





    The ingredients stated on the boxes vary, and are as follows, but are not very clear:





    1. D-Allethrin 0.3 %; other ingredients 99.7 %.





    2. Pyrethrins l,ll, 0.25 %; other ingredients 99.75 %





    3. and 4. Contains Citronella Oil.

    Do you know where I can find water repellent envelopes for mailing? I have tried asking the post office. ?

    I thought the post office would be the answer, but not true. I also tried Walmart. I need these envelopes to mail merchandise to different people in throughout the country.Do you know where I can find water repellent envelopes for mailing? I have tried asking the post office. ?
    Any office supply store has Tyvek envelopes. They aren't completely waterproof but they are water-repellent. They're also quite a bit more expensive than the traditional manila or paper envelope.





    You can also get any number of plastic bags or heat-sealed plastic wrap to enclose the items before you put them in an envelope or box for mailing.





    Talk to the employees at your nearest Office Depot or Staples and they can show you what they have. You can also go to someplace like Mailboxes Plus that rents out mailboxes and ask them for suggestions.Do you know where I can find water repellent envelopes for mailing? I have tried asking the post office. ?
    You could try using self sealed Bubble bags. I would say that they are more water resistant then waterproof but I think they would do the job.





    Try searching for a packaging supplier or try this link:





    http://www.manuli.co.uk/index.php?c=51%26amp;catParentId=32%26amp;catName=Bubble%20Bags





    This is a UK site so you may wish to find an alternate US site.
    yu kan rap stuff in plastik bag %26amp; put it in envelope or small box.


    Yu kan yuze kleer tape over the address on the outside so it wont smeer if box get wet.


    But yu kant make hole thang waterproof.


    post offis insist em gotta hav spot tu stamp on, put on stamp, maby rite note with ballpoint pen.
    Try an office supply store. There are waterproof envelopes available and should be available at an office supply store. I occasionally get something in one of these types of envelopes.






    ULINE.com or just do a search for mailing supplies.



    Flea/ tick repellent safe to use on a dog in a home with a pregnant woman?

    My sister is just under 5 months pregnant and needs to use flea/ tick repellent on her dog. She knows that she needs to avoid exposure/ contact with FrontLine to avoid birth defects, but does anyone know of a product she can use on her dog that won't cause problems for her and her unborn child?





    (Please note: Of course, she will ultimately check the safety of any recommended product with her OB/GYN, but I was just wondering whether somebody could point us in the right direction.)





    Thanks for your input!Flea/ tick repellent safe to use on a dog in a home with a pregnant woman?
    Frontline is perfectly safe as long as SHE doesn't apply it. And it really is the best.Flea/ tick repellent safe to use on a dog in a home with a pregnant woman?
    no-no-no, be safe, have sister to spend the day and night some place else, get the tick thing done plus clean up before she returns even if she has to stay in a hotel or parents home or yours, please do not have her to be around anything that might hurt her or child, Thank You.
    there is pretty much nothing which is safe to use around a pregnant woman

    Homemade pest repellent for my rose bushes?

    PLEASE, I need help.





    I know that for oleanders I can use watered down listerine, I tried it on my roses and it did not work.





    I would appreciate only serious answers, thank you.





    Peace and Love your way.Homemade pest repellent for my rose bushes?
    Jalapeno peppers... Pureed an mixed with a gallon of water; doesn't take many....the capacin burns on contact.Homemade pest repellent for my rose bushes?
    Chewing tobacco spit. No lie.
    sort of depends on the pest.


    A solution of soapdiluted with water sprayed on leaves is good for aphids etc. you could always go buy a bag of lady bugs.


    diatomaceous earth is good for slugs
    1st- If using hot peppers of any kind-WEAR GLOVES AND DO NOT SPRAY IF THERE IS ANY WIND-They Do burn on contact!


    I put 3 or 4 garlic cloves in a blender, fill with water and blend until all smashed. Then I add a few drops of dish soap and pour into a sieve to remove any large pieces. Pour into spray bottle or canister and use every morning until pests are gone.
    DW40

    A natural repellent to keep bugs out of a pool?

    We have an easy-set medium sized kids pool. It keeps getting bugs in it- we cover it as often as possible and use all the right things for it but keep getting lots of bugs floating. It has a small pump but doesn't do much. Is there something we could put in the water that is natural, wouldn't disturb the balance of chlorine and is okay to swim in for the kids to keep the bugs away?A natural repellent to keep bugs out of a pool?
    Bugs are naturally attracted to the water.


    Do the prevention around the outside perimeter with a natural bug remedy.


    Try spraying around the outside of the pool with the old


    gold listerine mouth wash.
  • topical cream
  • What happens when you over apply Ugg repellent?

    I sprayed Ugg repellent on my chocolate Uggs but I think I over sprayed because they seem soaked, and I was wondering if it would leave a stain.What happens when you over apply Ugg repellent?
    Unless it was really saturated it should be fine. Just wait til it dries then brush out the spot.What happens when you over apply Ugg repellent?
    jesus... are uggs still in? I thought they were over.





    Not being mean, I just really did!

    Saturday, January 23, 2010

    Is there a natural deer and rabbit repellent?

    I'm looking for a natural deer repellent because with chemical repellents, they can harm the environment. Is there a vegetable or naturally grown product that can do that?Is there a natural deer and rabbit repellent?
    YES! Well its not exactly natural but its better than chemical sprays. It's called Irish Spring soap.. like the soap you would use in the shower. You have to shave it up on a cheese grater (don't use it for food afterward!) and sprinkle it on your plants. The deer hate it! Just make sure not to sprinkle it on when its going to be a rainy day because the shavings of soap will become bubbly and sudsy. I've been using this method for years and my plants and flowers are still perfect.Is there a natural deer and rabbit repellent?
    If there is a man in your household (non-vegetarian), he can (*ahem*) ';mark his territory'; regularly, which will repel prey-type animals. It's much cheaper than buying the coyote urine products. All you need is a large meat-eater's presence. I recommend he do this after dark. The perimeter bushes, 1 to 3 feet off the ground, should be the target.





    You can also make stinky concoctions using garlic, eggs, bloodmeal. Most of the repellants are natural, and contain one or more of the above, and will not harm the environment.





    Just read the labels - you'll see that the ';active ingredient'; is simply a stinky natural product that you will recognize.





    If there are particular plants that they eat, I recommend spraying Hot Pepper Wax on the plants themselves. It will give mammals ';hot mouth'; and deter them from return-browsing. Those are also very easy to make yourself.
    A couple of things will help. You can go to a barber shop and get the hair they sweep up and spread it along the outer boundries of your garden. I will help if you have some old clothes that you have sweat heavily in to put out there too. Most wild animals don't want anything to do with people.
    I saw some of these things


    in Lowes in the bug spray department.





    They do not like strong odors. Take strong smelling bar of soap and put on a stick and stick it where they are eating.





    Hanging air fresheners around can help.





    Rubber snakes.
    coyote or wolf urine. think about the natural predators of deer and rabbits and then use that to your advantage. you could also get a male dog to mark his territory around the yard---just be sure you give the dog plenty of water.
    Wof urine.


    (I kid you not, you can buy it.)
    A bear.
    Guns

    How much does UGG庐 Australia Water & Stain Repellent cost?

    I want to buy this for my Uggs but how much do they cost? It's this spray were it prevents stains on your Uggs. And can I only purchase it at the official UGG store?How much does UGG庐 Australia Water %26amp; Stain Repellent cost?
    You can pretty much buy it at any UGG retailer, Nordstrom, Bloomingdales, etc. It's $10 at Nordstrom's website: http://shop.nordstrom.com/S/2895645/0~23鈥?/a>How much does UGG庐 Australia Water %26amp; Stain Repellent cost?
    It's $10 pretty much everywhere. You can get it from Nordstrom or the Ugg australia website.





    http://www.uggaustralia.com/ProductDetai鈥?/a>





    http://shop.nordstrom.com/S/2895645/0~23鈥?/a>

    What is a good Greenhead fly repellent?

    I plan on going to the beach this weekend where Greenhead flies may still be in season. I have only found one solution (a lotion by Avon) and don't want to go out of my way to purchase that. Any good suggestions?What is a good Greenhead fly repellent?
    Are you going to Long Beach Island? I'm just curious because I just came back from there.


    If the wind is blowing from the west and onto the beach then the flies will most likely be there bothering people. And it's not just the greenheads - the regular flies are there to bother people too.


    I made the mistake of spraying ';OFF'; on myself and then going in the ocean. When I came back out I was attacked by a swarm of flies that would not let up. There were hardly any people around and I was by myself. I thought that if I ran to the street, I'd be ok. I was wrong. The flies attacked me all the way to my hotel 2 blocks away. They would not let up. I was on the verge of yelling for help. I had about 12 bites on my right leg alone plus more on other parts of me. I saw blood on my arm. That was at Long Beach Island. My advice: do not even bother with the bug spray such as ';OFF'; it was useless.


    One person did tell me that if you dab yourself with Listerine, it works. I didn't have the opportunity to try it. Oh and pray that when you go to the beach, the wind is not coming from the west.





    I just read online that of one source who says that greenhead flies do not like gin, especially Tanqueray.


    http://www.newburyportnews.com/punews/lo鈥?/a>





    Yet another sources says half blue listerine half skin so soft may work:


    http://lbi.net/QA/QuestionWithAnswers.as鈥?/a>What is a good Greenhead fly repellent?
    You can always buy Avon Online products get deliver by UPS and usually arrive in 3 days. You can also use free shipping codes.
    fresh Mint!

    Can you suggest a natural insect repellent?

    Can you suggest an oil or a candle that I can burn? I am looking for something that will repel all insects.





    I've heard that citronella is good but I'm not sure if it works just for mosquitoes or for all insects.Can you suggest a natural insect repellent?
    Bugs hate citronella and also eucalyptus.Can you suggest a natural insect repellent?
    It's correct that citronella is a natural insect repellent,readily available as oil or candles.


    There are electronic deterrents available which emit ultrasonic sound and banish rodents as well as insects.


    Consider also the type of light fitting seen in supermarkets,this has an ultra violet lamp which attracts and destroys flying insects.
    There are iphone apps that supposedly repel insects. I have heard mixed reviews and you can't burn them (well, you could and that would be enough to drive anyone away, and it's expensive to burn an iphone, but it's probably not worth a bug bite or two) but it's worth a shot if you have it. :)
    pieces of cedar wood! insects hate cedar!
    the herb Tansy is supposed to repel flies
    lemon peel

    Where can i buy Electronic dog repellent in stores?

    im looking to buy the electronic dog repellents in stores and not online. ive tried walmart costco cabelas, even petco but no luck can anyone help me?Where can i buy Electronic dog repellent in stores?
    I was try so hard to find in stores not online too but no luck, finally I have to bought it from amazon..


    http://www.amazon.com/Brands-On-Sale-Ele鈥?/a>


    Hope this help...Where can i buy Electronic dog repellent in stores?
    what does it do?
  • topical cream
  • Will the Scientists brothers and sisters of the world invent a Lizard Repellent to help their global society?

    There is no Lizard Repellent availabe at present. Lizards are great source of nuisance at home. Some children get scared of them.Will the Scientists brothers and sisters of the world invent a Lizard Repellent to help their global society?
    Perhaps production of lizard repellant is on their way.


    Have you ever considered the fact that lizards consume insects that cause more nuisance and harm to humans than them?


    They are a part of our eco-system. They are not toxic. Please be kind to them. Just make nice stories to your children to keep them unafraid of lizards.Will the Scientists brothers and sisters of the world invent a Lizard Repellent to help their global society?
    You must live in Florida where the alligators and iguanas roam, Get a big DOG!

    Report Abuse



    hello


    i am in the suthern part of india (Tamil Nadu)





    1.use insect repelent %26amp; make lizards starve for food.


    2.keep peacock's feathers in the places where the lizards roam


    3.close the small holes, where the lizards can hide, with some tap
    yes they will. but plans are currently being foiled by jealous cousins.
    They are working on it, but the global conspiricy, backed by the Rockafeller Foundation and Zabigniew Brzezinski is trying to block the research.
    Where I live the lizards,bats and birds eat insects which are a much bigger


    global problem. A dog or cat have always bin a good repellent for most smaller creatures.
    Check out his link.

    How to keep bears away, how can I make my own bear repellent without harming my cats.?

    Dude! Who needs bear repellent when you got cats???How to keep bears away, how can I make my own bear repellent without harming my cats.?
    Get a bear proof garbage can, and don't leave any petfood outside where the bears can smell it. They come because of food.How to keep bears away, how can I make my own bear repellent without harming my cats.?
    Do you have access to fire crackers.


    I have to say it. If you don't care enough about your cats to keep them inside. Why are you worried about hurting them.
    Hike naked.
    I think it's called a shotgun.
    I know this isn't an answer, but I gotta say it. That must be some bear repellant your using if you're sacrificing your cats as part of it!!!





    I don't think you can. Aren't they a pepper spray type substance? I think it works on all creatures equally.
    keep your cat under your eyes
    That reminds me of the ';pull my finger'; thing my dad used to do...
    Stay off those gay bear chatlines and they will stop bothering you.

    Which comes first sunscreen or mosquito repellent?

    If you're applying sunscreen (in a spray) and mosquito repellent which should you apply first?





    Will the mosquito repellent wash away the sunscreen? Or the sunscreen remove scent of the mosquito repellent?Which comes first sunscreen or mosquito repellent?
    sunscreen

    How do you make homemade neem tree lotion, cream, or insect repellent?

    please write the ingredients and the steps. thank you. :)How do you make homemade neem tree lotion, cream, or insect repellent?
    Try this site:





    http://www.discover-neem-oil.com/neem-se鈥?/a>





    Look at the whole site, it covers how to create and use Neem in lotions, creams, tinctures etc.,





    Good Luck,





    Bill :)

    Anyone have any suggestion on how to get rid of raccoons? Has anyone had success with predator repellent?

    They keep coming up on my deck. I've moved all the garbage into the garage, tried moth balls and rags soaked in ammonia but they still come up. Tonight I sprinkled ceyenne pepper all over cuz I heard they hate that. I read that their poop can contain a potentially deadly roundworm parasite so I was horrified one morning to find a big pile of it on my deck. I carefully cleaned it up and dumped kettles of boiling water over the area. Wolf, coyote and fox urine are relatively inexpensive and I was wondering if anyone has found them useful to repel these pests.Anyone have any suggestion on how to get rid of raccoons? Has anyone had success with predator repellent?
    the bottom line it a food source! Some where at your home or near your home they are find a food source. Be sure not to leave cat or dog food or garbage where they can get to it. They may simply be attracted to the smell for food even if they can't get to it. A yard dog will be very helpful. Hot pepper sprinkled around is helpful. Insure that they do not have access to any water source to wash their food, they can not eat most food without water to wet the food before eating. Good LuckAnyone have any suggestion on how to get rid of raccoons? Has anyone had success with predator repellent?
    Peppermint oil works the best!
    THERE is only one way. - trap de critters...


    I use a Hav a hart double door trap with a bit of avacado.


    I have trapped and released (far away) 86 coons %26amp; possums.


    All My neighbors know when my avo trees are in season - cuz all the critters ARE GONE... and we dance %26amp; rejoice


    Every year their numbers decrease and my crop increases dramatically.


    You must do it every night for 5 - 6 months (in season) and you will not be botherthed for 3 or 4 years


    I am in South Florida.
    A shotgun.

    Is there any good rabbit repellent for the winter months?

    My parents bought a house and under the fence is a lot of rabbit holes or other rodent holes. They have a small dog that can get out and also likes to eat the rabbits. This is a big problem with her getting under the fence and possibly getting into the holes. I know all the summer repellents but I have no clue on what to do for the winter months.Is there any good rabbit repellent for the winter months?
    Rabbits eat bark from trees when food is short so we use snow fence to keep them away from trees. If the problem is holes then it wont work for you. Maybe an electric fence.
  • topical cream
  • What is the best organic or home remedy for flea repellent on cats??

    I really have no money to afford the frontline or advantage...can someone please help me? What is the best organic or home remedy for flea repellent on cats??
    No, there isn't anything natural that will permanently rid your home - and your cat - of fleas. Some natural treatments MAY kill some of the fleas on your cat but more will just hop on. And the longer you go trying other methods to control fleas, the worse it will get as they'll be multiplying by the thousands.





    You can buy a four dose pack of Advantage at 800petmeds.com for $45. Do you honestly not have $45? You're able to plan a wedding - how do you do that without money?





    I think you really should reconsider having this cat (or cats?) if you can't afford to provide them with the bare essentials because you obviously won't be able to take care of them in an emergency.What is the best organic or home remedy for flea repellent on cats??
    I saw this on a site here, good luck!





    How I got rid of fleas and bugs from my home





    You will need to purchase a simple bug/fly zapper; the type you use on a patio to kill flying insects. You can buy a small one that will cover a large area of your house at most home improvement stores for as little as 15.00-20.00 dollars. For faster results you can use one bug zapper for each room. However the fleas do gravitate to the bug zapper鈥檚 light once night sets in and all the lights in your house are out. So one should work for a small home, just make sure to place it in the room where the most fleas are seen or felt. Place the zapper on the floor in a corner behind a piece of furniture so kids and pets won鈥檛 play with or bother it. Set it on a plate or pie tin for easy cleaning up of the zapped bugs, you will be killing all bugs in your home as well, and then plug it in. Remember, it is a piece of electrical equipment. You have to use caution in where you put it. At night the fleas automatically want to go to a light, when they hop in to the bug zapper light they get fried! You can actually hear little, zits, zits when the fleas are getting zapped! All GONE! Keep the carpet vacuumed daily until your flea problem is under control, this will help tremendously in getting the fleas eggs out of your home and carpet faster!! I am not responsible for misuse of the above item. Use full caution in placing your bug zapper to the safest place. It will work for months, even years; it will continue to kill bugs in your home as long as the light is on. The bulb can be replaced once it burns out. The light bulb can be purchased at most home improvement stores.
    There isn't really anything.





    You need to use a flea drop on- there's not only Frontline or Advantage, there's things like Bob Martin, too.





    There's nothing organic that's going to work- you should be a responsible pet owner and use proven methods.
    Cedar Oil





    Mix with your pets shampoo. You can find out more at http://www.ehow.com/how_2164041_use-cedar-oil-as-insect.html
    You're out of luck them.

    I'm going up to my friends cabin and I'm wondering what the best mosquito repellent is?

    We had the standard stuff last year and I still got eaten up. I don't want to buy into any gimmicks so I was wondering if anyone had any advice about good products.I'm going up to my friends cabin and I'm wondering what the best mosquito repellent is?
    DEET does NOT cause cancer!!!!!! You are thinking of DDT not DEET! Ugh, go look up in a published journal database any information on DEET as a carcinogen and you will find nothing, I guarantee it.





    DEET does work. Want more proof on best insect repellents? Visit http://www.entomology.wisc.edu/mosquitos鈥?/a>I'm going up to my friends cabin and I'm wondering what the best mosquito repellent is?
    I like the new clip on. if you will be in the woods try 2 of the clip ons by OFF. this way you don't have to spray anything on you.
    I've heard from dozens of hunters that Thermacell is the best thing out there. There are places in North America which are so bad even the strongest deet sprays won't work but Thermacell will. Good luck.
    im in the army and when we go to heavy malaria infested places we soak our uniforms in permethin and it works great never any bug bites. Hope that helps
    deep woods off with deet.

    Friday, January 22, 2010

    Where can i find bird repellent gel?

    i want to find bird repellent gel at a retail store. do do you know where i can find it? it's the stuff that you use so the birds dont go in a certain place anymore outside.Where can i find bird repellent gel?
    http://www.hotfoot.com/gel-pd.html





    But it ain't cheapWhere can i find bird repellent gel?
    umm well get like the owl statues and the birds get scared

    Which plug in spider repellent works and is safe 4 a pregnant lady?

    I'm 6 months pregnant and deathly afraid of spiders!Dont want to hurt em just dont want to share my house with em.I'm in colorado do you know where i can get one?Wal mart?Home depot?Which plug in spider repellent works and is safe 4 a pregnant lady?
    I am afraid that there is no such thing as a plug-in spider repellent. Electronic ';repellents'; (which I assume you are referring to) have been shown in studies to be totally ineffective. And, of course, you don't want to spray chemicals in your house.





    Spiders are, for the most part, harmless, useful and fascinating creatures. It would be best to stop fearing them and learn to live with them.Which plug in spider repellent works and is safe 4 a pregnant lady?
    Most of the pesticides that would be effective against spiders and insects may be more dangerous to a pregnant lady than the critters! If there is someone to help you, you could have the intruders stomped or removed from the building.

    I have had new sewerage trenches installed which failed as the soil is water repellent, what can I do?

    The water is just pooling to the surface of the trenches and it is just a boggy mess.I have had new sewerage trenches installed which failed as the soil is water repellent, what can I do?
    When soil becomes hydrophobic (water repellant) you need to add a surfectant to break the surface tension which is preventing the water from being absorbed.


    This all sounds complicated, but it's really easy. Dishwashing detergent is a simple and effective surfectant and if you splash some dishwashing water over the ground it should improve the soils ability to absorb water.





    Good luck :-)I have had new sewerage trenches installed which failed as the soil is water repellent, what can I do?
    When we had this happen several years ago, my husband and I had to read, study and make sure we understood what those leach lines and trenches were supposed to do.





    We dug the second trenches ouselves, but the guy who sold us the rock to fill them wanted to put in the same kind of rock he put in the first time. And, turns out the problem was a higher ratio of pea gravel to larger stones than should have gone in there.





    So we went got our kids together and every morning for several weeks we hauled football sized rocks to the leach trenches and tossed them in. Now, we had lots of space for water to flow. Inspector joked , ';Are you guys planning to build an apartment house?'





    As for the dish soap, I don't know but it makes some sense. I'd call some home improvement stores and plumbing supply stores. If this information is correct, I'll bet someone makes something for this problem that will make quick work of opening up the soil. I'm thinking you have a lot of clay in your soil?
    i don't know.i'm sorry.

    Why Indian mosquito-repellent incense does not enough work?

    I wonder Indian mosquitoes are too big to kill.Why Indian mosquito-repellent incense does not enough work?
    It's not that the INCENSE isn't working on the mosquito, it's that the INCENSE is not working on your skin! That's the important thing right? What the incense can't do is apply enough DEET to your skin. DEET, is the most common active ingredient in insect repellents. It is intended to be applied to the skin or to clothing, and is primarily used to protect against insect bites. In particular, DEET protects against tick bites (which transmit Lyme disease, several rickettsioses, tick-borne meningoencephalitis and other tick-borne diseases) and mosquito bites (which transmit dengue fever, West Nile virus, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, and malaria).





    DEET was developed by the United States Army, following its experience of jungle warfare during World War II. It entered military use in 1946 and civilian use in 1957. Originally tested as a pesticide on farm fields, the US Government applied it for war time usage, particularly when in Vietnam and around that region of Asia.





    DEET is believed to work by blocking insect olfactory receptors for 1-octen-3-ol, a volatile substance that is contained in human sweat and breath. DEET effectively ';blinds'; the insect's senses so that the biting/feeding instinct is not triggered by humans or animals which produce these chemicals. DEET does not appear to affect the insect's ability to smell carbon dioxide, as had been suspected earlier.





    DEET is often sold and used in concentrations up to 100%. Consumer Reports found a direct correlation between DEET concentration and hours of protection against insect bites. 100% DEET was found to offer up to 12 hours of protection while several lower concentration DEET formulations (20%-34%) offered 3-6 hours of protection.[3] Other research has corroborated the effectiveness of DEET.[4] The Center for Disease Control recommends 30-50% DEET to prevent the spread of pathogens carried by insects.





    As a precaution, manufacturers advise that DEET products should not be used under clothing or on damaged skin, and that preparations be washed off after they are no longer needed or between applications.[5] DEET can act as an irritant;[1] in rare cases, it may cause skin reactions.[5]





    In the DEET Reregistration Eligibility Decision (RED), the EPA reported 14 to 46 cases of potential DEET-associated seizures, including 4 deaths. The EPA states: '; ..it does appear that some cases are likely related to DEET toxicity,'; but observed that with 30% of the US population using DEET, the likely seizure rate is only about one per 100 million users.[6]





    The Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University states that ';Everglades National Park employees having extensive Deet exposure were more likely to have insomnia, mood disturbances and impaired cognitive function than were lesser exposed co-workers';. [7]





    The American Academy of Pediatrics found no difference in safety for children, between products containing 10% and 30% DEET, when used as directed, but recommends that DEET not be used on infants less than two months old.





    Alternatives





    Studies have shown eucalyptus-based repellents which contain the natural oil eucalyptol to be a highly effective and nontoxic alternative to DEET.[12]





    Icaridin is another insect repellent of strength comparable to DEET, but it is less irritating and doesn't dissolve plastics.[citation needed]





    A test of various marketed insect repellents by an independent consumer organization found that synthetic repellents, including DEET, were more effective than repellents with 鈥榥atural鈥?active ingredients. All the synthetics gave almost 100% repellency for the first 2 hours, whereas the natural repellent products tested were most effective for the first 30-60 minutes and then required reapplication to be effective over several hours.[13]





    Citronella oil has been used as an insect repellent for 60 years.[14] Its mosquito repellency qualities have been verified by research,[15] [16][17] however, the repellency duration of DEET is much greater.[18] While most essential oil based repellents are not as effective as DEET,[18][19] research also shows that some essential oil based formulas can be comparable to DEET, and somewhat better specifically as mosquito repellant.Why Indian mosquito-repellent incense does not enough work?
    Actually mosquitoes are not killed, but repel %26amp; go away from the repellent.


    pkn
  • topical cream
  • Do ';Deet'; insect repellent bands really work? Do they keep the mosquitoes from biting you?

    I don't like putting insect repellant on my skin because I have allergic skin.Do ';Deet'; insect repellent bands really work? Do they keep the mosquitoes from biting you?
    Yes those that use DEET really do keep the bugs from biting. They don't keep them from flying very close to your ears and eyes and basically ';bugging'; the heck out of you.





    ';OFF'; brand of products used to make a mosquito repellent lantern that actually did keep mosquitoes away from an area about 10' in diameter. I used two of them in a spot on ';Mosquito ridge'; in the Tahoe National Forest. They worked very well but as soon as you got 8' to 10' away from them, you had dozens of mosquitoes on every patch of bare skin!Do ';Deet'; insect repellent bands really work? Do they keep the mosquitoes from biting you?
    try Skin so Soft sold by Avon...also comes with a small spray bottle


    a teaspoon in your bath water for your pets works for them too


    God bless
    The Skin So Soft works as well as any harsh chemical brand of bug repellent without the chemicals. It really works. No, I don't sell Avon. lol

    Can I use UGG Australia Water and Stain Repellent on my Elsa Juicy Couture suede sneakers?

    I just bought some Juicy Couture sneakers, the actual type is the ELSA sneaker, and since they have quite a bit of suede piping, I was wondering if I could go ahead and spray them with UGG Australia Water and Stain Repellent to protect them. Can I? Or is it just intended for my UGG boots?Can I use UGG Australia Water and Stain Repellent on my Elsa Juicy Couture suede sneakers?
    Can't see why not? just read the label of the spray or go to the website and see if it advises against using it on suede :)Can I use UGG Australia Water and Stain Repellent on my Elsa Juicy Couture suede sneakers?
    LMAO!!! WHAT A DORK !!! CAN U READ THE LABEL FOR UGG'S ONLY!!!!!!

    Will a rodent repellent affect our rabbits?

    We have recently found many rodents in our house, and we decided to buy a frequency emitter to repel them. I know that rabbits aren't rodents, but they're pretty close. We have to have another frequency emitter, but it drove our rabbits insane. We're not sure if this will cause the same effect, but we are going to put them in different areas of the house.Will a rodent repellent affect our rabbits?
    More than likely, yes. Take your rabbits to a friend or vet's place for two weeks after repelling your house. Hope I helped!!!

    Does anyone have a good safe homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?

    Does anyone have a good safe homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?Does anyone have a good safe homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?
    sprinkle cayenne pepper where you don't want the cats...I tried it for my dogs...they didn't like it.Does anyone have a good safe homemade cat repellent so I can avoid using the store bought type?
    GUN,
    I dont know what a cat repellent is... but if you are trying to get rid of cats a .308 works wonders.

    Insect and spider repellent for house?

    moving to a older apartment. noticed a lot of cracks ,and gaps in the molding. iknow when the weather gets warmer these critters will come out any thing in can use in closets and around molding that will keep them away.Insect and spider repellent for house?
    Raid is a cheap alternative to real products.... and when I say cheap I mean diluted. The price difference really isn't that much. You can get a can of Cy-Kick CS... the professional stuff for $20 online. Now that will keep the bugs and spiders out.





    I would buy it at http://pestprojoe.com





    Further if you ask Joe he will tell you them most effective places to use the product.Insect and spider repellent for house?
    DO NOT purchase any electronic gizmo's - they are a con.


    Purchase cheap fly spray and let it rip into any cracks and crevices. Generally all sprays contain one of three ingredient types, all of which will work to some extent. What they do not kill off they will cause discomfort to and thereby a desire to move away.


    This does not however solve problems with infestation for which I could only ever advise professional intervention - mostly on the grounds that it invariably works out cheaper.
    There is a product called ';pest offense';-a small box that plugs into any wall socket that sends a signal through the home's wiring system repelling insects, spiders,%26amp; rodents safely %26amp; without chemicals. I use them %26amp; they really do work. (Best Offense Products Inc., Orlando Florida.
    Raid as a variety of products according to the insects that you have .

    My pygmy goats are eating my young crepe myrtles. Anyone know a safe repellent? Something I could spray?

    I hate to think of putting a wire fence all along the landscaping but they are only eating the crete myrtles down to the bare sticks!My pygmy goats are eating my young crepe myrtles. Anyone know a safe repellent? Something I could spray?
    How about the spray that is made to repel deer? Worth a try.My pygmy goats are eating my young crepe myrtles. Anyone know a safe repellent? Something I could spray?
    they will eat it down to the stem you are right, I havent encountered any spray or powder that is safe a metal fence you know they might even eat that.
  • topical cream
  • What kinds of substances are in insect repellent?

    Also could insect repellent used as insecticide?What kinds of substances are in insect repellent?
    Common insect repellents include:





    * DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide)


    * Essential oil of the lemon eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) and its active ingredient p-menthane-3,8-diol (PMD)


    * Icaridin, also known as picaridin, Bayrepel, and KBR 3023


    * Nepetalactone, also known as ';catnip oil';


    * Citronella oil


    * Permethrin


    * Neem oil


    * Bog Myrtle





    Insect repellents are generally designed to a) mask human scent or b) generate a scent which insects find distasteful. They are not insecticides (with the exception of permethrin).What kinds of substances are in insect repellent?
    An insect repellent is not an insecticide. Repellents are deterrents: they just keep insects away. Insecticides are poisonous to insects: they kill them.





    Citronella oil is a fairly effective natural insect repellent. So is incense. So is wood smoke. Also yellow light, believe it or not. Mosquitoes in particular are averse to yellow-coloured artificial light bulbs.
    toxic substances
    probably Human BO, garlic, and onions; the sweet stuff